Autism ,Vision and Visual Perception
Dated 26/8/18 to 8/9/18
Visual Problems and Autism
Autistic individuals have difficulty processing and responding to information from their senses, as well as difficulties with communication and social interaction. Visual problems are also very common.
Often, the signs of these vision problems can be masked by the behaviours that autistic individuals use to cope with the sensory overload of the world around them. The behaviors that are attributable to both autism and vision problems can include lack of eye contact, staring at spinning objects or light, fleeting peripheral glances, side viewing, and difficulty attending visually.
Autistic people may also have problems coordinating their central and peripheral vision.
For example, when asked to follow an object with their eyes, they usually do not look directly at the object. Instead, they will scan or look off to the side of the object. Eye movement disorders and crossed eyes are common.
Many autistic people are *visually defensive. Visually defensive persons avoid contact with specific visual input and might have hypersensitive vision. They have difficulty with visually holding still and frequently rely on a constant scanning of visual information in an attempt to gain meaning.
Since autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect how we process and respond to sensory information, it’s important to evaluate exactly what visual sensory information is going in. https://youtu.be/NfDfXCiQRqY
Devyna Lembard gave us an insight into eyesight and Vision.There is a big difference between eye‐sight and vision. Eye‐sight is the ability to see clearly at 20 feet so usually people call it 20-20 vision but, Vision goes far beyond just this
Our nervous system is no different than it was 50,000 years ago
– Our visual system supported survival by letting us know about the dynamic three dimensional space around us and it still does the same.
– Our visual system enabled us to move our body when and where we needed to
– Therefore, our visual and vestibular system have been intimately synchronized to the extent that if the vestibular system has an processing issue then the visual perceptual skills will also get hampered.
In last 20 years, Visual responsibilities for survival have changed
• We no longer are required to be skilled with the visual assessment of and bodily movement through dynamic three dimensional space
• It has become cognitive survival in a static, two dimensional symbolic near‐point environment
• Now, we need to sit, not move or speak, and process two dimensional language symbols at 16” for long periods of time
• And now, this is often when looking at a light source i.e computer, iPad or phone.
• This is a socially compulsive, biologically unacceptable task.
• Cognitive survival in a static, two dimensional symbolic near‐point environment does not require 20/20 eyesight!
• At the time of the Civil War, the Snellen chart was developed
• A myth began, and persists today, that 20/20 is perfect vision. This is one of the most naive statements that can be made about vision
• It is especially the cruelest conclusion that can be drawn for a child struggling in school, who has visual problems, but who has 20/20 eye‐sight
• Hence, there has been a shift away from visual / vestibular integration to visual / vestibular dissociation!
The Vestibular System Provides:
An inertial gravity receptor which establishes a
gravitational reference point for our body at all
times and under all conditions
A central vertical axis centeredness of the body
in time and space as a foundation for 3
dimensional orientation and movement
around this center for relating to objects,
people, and events in our world
The ability to self‐regulate behavior with
social‐emotional skill & confidence
A cognitive foundation for orientation,
planning & execution of purposeful
engagement with an integrated weaving of
past, present, & future
Perceptual Stability in Space Requires congruence of:
Vestibulo‐spinal for dynamic postural alignment & control
Vestibulo‐cervical for neck stabilization & head control
Vestibulo‐visual & auditory for head orientation & stability for oculomotor control and sound localization & processing
Vestibulo‐cerebellar for position in space so as to regulate & modulate sequencing & timing of motor output based on signals received & matched to cortical inte.
Vestibular Sensory‐Motor Bridge Triads
1. Vestibulo‐cochlear‐oculomotor triad of the head
Cervical control for spatial‐temporal
orientation of the head supports looking &
listening
2. Vestibulo‐proprioceptive‐tactile triad of the body
Cervical integration of the head & body
in time & space affords static positioning &
purposeful movement for meaningful,
adaptive engagement in life skills and occupations
https://www.parentingautismindia.com/2016/11/good-website-eye-can-learn.html
https://www.parentingautismindia.com/2016/10/helpful-book-eye-power.html
Visual perception is among the last of skills a child develops. Eye-hand coordination is a prerequisite. Visual tracking in vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and circular planes is an essential precursor to visual perception. Visual perception consists of visual discrimination, visual figure ground, visual-spatial relationships, visual form constancy, visual memory, and visual closure.
Some are explained below:
Visual-spatial relationships—the ability to determine, from among four forms of identical configuration, the one single form or part of a single form that is going in a different direction from the other forms or from parts of forms
Visual sequential memory—the ability to remember for immediate recall (after a few seconds of exposure) a series of various forms from among four separate series of forms
Visual discrimination—the ability to match or determine the exact characteristics
Visual memory—the ability to remember for immediate recall characteristics of a form
Visual form constancy—the ability to see a form and find that same form even though the form may be smaller or larger and, whatever the size, whether rotated, reversed and/or hidden among other forms
Visual figure-ground—the ability to perceive a form visually; to find this form with other forms hidden in a conglomerated ground of matter
Visual motor skills—the ability to coordinate eye and hand movements to draw geometric shapes, letters, and numbers or to complete a maze
Visual perception—the ability to incorporate and process visual information; to perceive stimuli in forms that are recognized by the brain
Visual closure—the ability to recognize incomplete forms and “fill in” the lines mentally to match a completed form.
https://youtu.be/f-9N-mRRbMc
Devyna Lembard
Thank you all
#Asd parents and Therapists Group,Kerala.
Dated 26/8/18 to 8/9/18
Visual Problems and Autism
Autistic individuals have difficulty processing and responding to information from their senses, as well as difficulties with communication and social interaction. Visual problems are also very common.
Often, the signs of these vision problems can be masked by the behaviours that autistic individuals use to cope with the sensory overload of the world around them. The behaviors that are attributable to both autism and vision problems can include lack of eye contact, staring at spinning objects or light, fleeting peripheral glances, side viewing, and difficulty attending visually.
Autistic people may also have problems coordinating their central and peripheral vision.
For example, when asked to follow an object with their eyes, they usually do not look directly at the object. Instead, they will scan or look off to the side of the object. Eye movement disorders and crossed eyes are common.
Many autistic people are *visually defensive. Visually defensive persons avoid contact with specific visual input and might have hypersensitive vision. They have difficulty with visually holding still and frequently rely on a constant scanning of visual information in an attempt to gain meaning.
Since autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect how we process and respond to sensory information, it’s important to evaluate exactly what visual sensory information is going in. https://youtu.be/NfDfXCiQRqY
Devyna Lembard gave us an insight into eyesight and Vision.There is a big difference between eye‐sight and vision. Eye‐sight is the ability to see clearly at 20 feet so usually people call it 20-20 vision but, Vision goes far beyond just this
Our nervous system is no different than it was 50,000 years ago
– Our visual system supported survival by letting us know about the dynamic three dimensional space around us and it still does the same.
– Our visual system enabled us to move our body when and where we needed to
– Therefore, our visual and vestibular system have been intimately synchronized to the extent that if the vestibular system has an processing issue then the visual perceptual skills will also get hampered.
In last 20 years, Visual responsibilities for survival have changed
• We no longer are required to be skilled with the visual assessment of and bodily movement through dynamic three dimensional space
• It has become cognitive survival in a static, two dimensional symbolic near‐point environment
• Now, we need to sit, not move or speak, and process two dimensional language symbols at 16” for long periods of time
• And now, this is often when looking at a light source i.e computer, iPad or phone.
• This is a socially compulsive, biologically unacceptable task.
• Cognitive survival in a static, two dimensional symbolic near‐point environment does not require 20/20 eyesight!
• At the time of the Civil War, the Snellen chart was developed
• A myth began, and persists today, that 20/20 is perfect vision. This is one of the most naive statements that can be made about vision
• It is especially the cruelest conclusion that can be drawn for a child struggling in school, who has visual problems, but who has 20/20 eye‐sight
• Hence, there has been a shift away from visual / vestibular integration to visual / vestibular dissociation!
The Vestibular System Provides:
An inertial gravity receptor which establishes a
gravitational reference point for our body at all
times and under all conditions
A central vertical axis centeredness of the body
in time and space as a foundation for 3
dimensional orientation and movement
around this center for relating to objects,
people, and events in our world
The ability to self‐regulate behavior with
social‐emotional skill & confidence
A cognitive foundation for orientation,
planning & execution of purposeful
engagement with an integrated weaving of
past, present, & future
Perceptual Stability in Space Requires congruence of:
Vestibulo‐spinal for dynamic postural alignment & control
Vestibulo‐cervical for neck stabilization & head control
Vestibulo‐visual & auditory for head orientation & stability for oculomotor control and sound localization & processing
Vestibulo‐cerebellar for position in space so as to regulate & modulate sequencing & timing of motor output based on signals received & matched to cortical inte.
Vestibular Sensory‐Motor Bridge Triads
1. Vestibulo‐cochlear‐oculomotor triad of the head
Cervical control for spatial‐temporal
orientation of the head supports looking &
listening
2. Vestibulo‐proprioceptive‐tactile triad of the body
Cervical integration of the head & body
in time & space affords static positioning &
purposeful movement for meaningful,
adaptive engagement in life skills and occupations
https://www.parentingautismindia.com/2016/11/good-website-eye-can-learn.html
https://www.parentingautismindia.com/2016/10/helpful-book-eye-power.html
Visual perception is among the last of skills a child develops. Eye-hand coordination is a prerequisite. Visual tracking in vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and circular planes is an essential precursor to visual perception. Visual perception consists of visual discrimination, visual figure ground, visual-spatial relationships, visual form constancy, visual memory, and visual closure.
Some are explained below:
Visual-spatial relationships—the ability to determine, from among four forms of identical configuration, the one single form or part of a single form that is going in a different direction from the other forms or from parts of forms
Visual sequential memory—the ability to remember for immediate recall (after a few seconds of exposure) a series of various forms from among four separate series of forms
Visual discrimination—the ability to match or determine the exact characteristics
Visual memory—the ability to remember for immediate recall characteristics of a form
Visual form constancy—the ability to see a form and find that same form even though the form may be smaller or larger and, whatever the size, whether rotated, reversed and/or hidden among other forms
Visual figure-ground—the ability to perceive a form visually; to find this form with other forms hidden in a conglomerated ground of matter
Visual motor skills—the ability to coordinate eye and hand movements to draw geometric shapes, letters, and numbers or to complete a maze
Visual perception—the ability to incorporate and process visual information; to perceive stimuli in forms that are recognized by the brain
Visual closure—the ability to recognize incomplete forms and “fill in” the lines mentally to match a completed form.
https://youtu.be/f-9N-mRRbMc
Devyna Lembard
Thank you all
#Asd parents and Therapists Group,Kerala.
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